A 12V relay is an electrically operated switch that allows a low voltage (12V) signal to control a high voltage circuit. The relay consists of an electromagnetic coil, contacts (usually two or more), and an armature. When a 12V current is applied to the coil, it generates a magnetic field that attracts or repels the armature, causing the contacts to open or close. This switching action enables the relay to control other devices that require a higher voltage or current, such as motors, lights, or other machinery.

    Relays are typically classified by their contact arrangement, such as SPDT (Single Pole Double Throw), DPDT (Double Pole Double Throw), or others. In the case of a 12V relay, the coil voltage is 12V, which is standard for many electrical systems, especially in automotive and industrial equipment.